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2026年3月27日 星期五

鄉愁陷阱:兩場偉大復興的政治幻術

 

鄉愁陷阱:兩場偉大復興的政治幻術

現在全球正流行「前任的復仇」——我指的是歷史層面的。太平洋這一頭是「讓美國再次偉大」(MAGA),另一頭則是「中華民族偉大復興」。這兩者都是政治行銷的巔峰之作,同樣都包裹在令人安心、卻又帶著點霉味的「懷舊」毛毯裡。

這兩大運動的核心驅動力都是「相對剝奪感」。重點不在於你現在擁有多少,而在於你覺得自己「曾經」擁有多少,或是你覺得鄰居偷走了你多少東西。

相似之處:鏡像對照

  • 黃金時代的神話: 兩者都依賴剪輯過的過去。MAGA 嚮往 1950 年代(工業霸權、清晰的社會階級);「大復興」則看向唐宋盛世(萬邦來朝、天朝上國)。人性就是喜歡聽「很久很久以前」,因為賣夢想比賣詳細的政府預算容易得多。

  • 外部惡棍的設定: 沒有反派,就沒有反攻。對 MAGA 來說,惡棍是全球主義和「覺醒」菁英;對北京而言,則是「百年國恥」與西方霸權。沒什麼比指著同一個敵人更能團結一群烏合之眾了。

  • 強人崇拜: 兩者都暗示體制已壞,唯有「天選之人」能繞過官僚體系撥亂反正。這是經典的馬基維利權術:比起不確定的未來,大眾更喜歡一隻有力的手。

不同之處:混亂與秩序

分歧在於權力的商業模式。MAGA 本質上是破壞性的、個人主義的。它是一場針對自身體制的民粹起義,在混亂與「局外人」能量中茁壯。這是一場劇本天天在變的實境秀。

相比之下,「中華民族偉大復興」是結構性的、集體主義的。這是一場由上而下、組織嚴密的馬拉松。MAGA 想要從政府手中「奪回國家」,而中國的願景則是讓政府「成為國家」。一個是暴動,另一個是閱兵。

黑暗的真相

歷史告訴我們,當一個國家開始「向後看」來尋求進步時,通常是因為現實太貴、太複雜,修不好了。比起解釋 AI 和自動化將如何取代 40% 的工作,承諾回到某個「純真年代」顯然輕鬆得多。我們正目睹兩個巨人試圖在「記憶力」上一較高下,但正如任何歷史學家會告訴你的:回憶,不過是我們達成共識的一場謊言。


The Nostalgia Trap: A Tale of Two Resurrections

 

The Nostalgia Trap: A Tale of Two Resurrections

The world is currently obsessed with "Revenge of the Exes"—historically speaking. On one side of the Pacific, we have Make America Great Again (MAGA); on the other, The Great Rejuvenation of the Chinese Nation (中华民族伟大复兴). Both are masterclasses in political marketing, wrapped in the comforting, yet slightly dusty, blanket of nostalgia.

At their core, both movements are fueled by relative deprivation. It’s not about how much you have; it’s about how much you used to have, or how much you think your neighbor stole from you.

The Similarities: Mirror Images

  • The Golden Age Myth: Both rely on a curated past. MAGA looks to the 1950s (industrial dominance, clear social hierarchies); the Rejuvenation looks to the Tang/Han dynasties (tributary systems, being the "Middle Kingdom"). Human nature loves a "Once Upon a Time" because it's easier to sell a dream than a detailed budget.

  • The External Villain: You can’t have a comeback without a bully. For MAGA, it’s globalism and "woke" elites. For Beijing, it’s the "Century of Humiliation" and Western hegemony. Nothing unites a fractured populace like a common finger to point.

  • The Strongman Fix: Both ideologies whisper that the system is broken and only a "Man of Destiny" can bypass the red tape to fix it. It’s the classic Machiavellian play: people prefer a firm hand to an uncertain future.

The Differences: Chaos vs. Order

The divergence lies in the Business Model of Power. MAGA is inherently disruptive and individualistic. It’s a populist insurgency against its own institutions, thriving on chaos and the "outsider" energy. It’s a reality show where the script changes daily.

Conversely, the Great Rejuvenation is structural and collective. It is a top-down, hyper-organized marathon. While MAGA wants to "take the country back" from the government, the Chinese vision is about the government becoming the country. One is a riot; the other is a parade.

The Dark Reality

History teaches us that when nations start looking backward to move forward, it’s usually because the present is too expensive or too complicated to fix. It’s easier to promise a return to a "Pure Era" than to explain how AI and automation are going to delete 40% of jobs. We are witnessing two titans trying to out-remember each other, and as any historian will tell you, a memory is just a lie we’ve agreed to believe.