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【海布里的幽靈：在現代英國政壇尋找海耶克的身影】

海耶克（Friedrich Hayek）曾警告，通往奴役之路是由中央計畫與經濟自由的侵蝕所鋪就的。2026 年，英國處於高稅收、高監管的環境中，究竟有沒有政黨在言行上真正實踐海耶克的思想？

政黨分析與批判

1. 保守黨 (Tory)

• 言論： 歷史上，保守黨視海耶克為精神教父（如柴契爾夫人）。當代人物如 特拉斯 (Liz Truss) 或 雷斯莫格 (Jacob Rees-Mogg) 常掛著「小政府」口號。

• 行動： 實際上，近年保守黨執政下的稅收負擔創下歷史新高，且在疫情與能源危機期間進行了大規模國家干預。海耶克會將其「工業戰略」視為「知識的狂妄」——即官僚自以為比市場更懂資源配置。

2. 改革黨 (Reform UK)

• 言論： 黨魁 泰斯 (Richard Tice) 與 法拉吉 (Nigel Farage) 主張大幅去監管化，削減民官體系。

• 行動： 雖然口號接近自由市場，但其立場帶有濃厚的民粹民族主義。海耶克是支持勞動力與資本自由流動的國際主義者，改革黨在移民與貿易上的保護主義傾向，其實與海耶克的自發秩序背道而馳。

3. 工黨與自由民主黨

• 批判： 這兩黨並不標榜海耶克主義。施凱爾 (Keir Starmer) 的工黨推行「安全經濟學」（Securonomics），本質上是國家主導的投資，正是海耶克所反對的集體主義。

誰才是真正的追隨者？

誠實地說，目前沒有主要政黨在行動上追隨海耶克。 現代英國已成為海耶克最恐懼的「轉移支付國家」，大部分人口依賴政府再分配。真正的海耶克主義者僅存在於智庫中；在威斯敏斯特，真正的海耶克式政策——如大幅削減國民健保（NHS）預算或取消所有補貼——被視為政治自殺。海耶克的「言」被當作招牌，但政黨的「行」依然深陷集體主義。

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[The Ghost of Highbury: Searching for Hayek in the Modern British State]

Friedrich Hayek, the patron saint of the "spontaneous order," warned that the road to serfdom is paved with central planning and the erosion of economic liberty. In 2026, as the UK navigates a post-Brexit, high-tax, and highly regulated environment, the question arises: Does any political party truly follow Hayek in both words and acts?

The Contenders and the Critique

1. The Conservative Party (Tory)

• The Words: Historically, the Tories claim Hayek as their intellectual forefather (famously championed by Margaret Thatcher). Figures like Liz Truss or Jacob Rees-Mogg frequently invoke "supply-side reform" and "smaller state" rhetoric.

• The Acts: In practice, the modern Conservative legacy has been one of record-high tax burdens and massive state intervention (e.g., during the pandemic and energy crises). Hayek would view their "industrial strategies" and net-zero regulations as a "pretence of knowledge"—the belief that bureaucrats can direct a complex economy better than the market.

2. Reform UK

• The Words: Lead figures like Richard Tice and Nigel Farage lean into Hayekian themes of deregulation and smashing the "managerial class." They argue for a drastic reduction in the size of the civil service.

• The Acts: While they talk the talk of the free market, their platform often tilts toward populist nationalism. Hayek was an internationalist who supported the free movement of labor and capital; Reform’s protectionist leanings on immigration and trade often clash with Hayek’s vision of a borderless spontaneous order.

3. The Labour Party & Liberal Democrats

• The Critique: Neither party pretends to be Hayekian. Keir Starmer’s Labour prioritizes "Securonomics"—a form of modern state-led investment that Hayek would explicitly define as "The Road to Serfdom." The Lib Dems, despite their name, focus more on social liberalism than the radical economic Manchester-school liberalism Hayek admired.

Who is the Real Follower?

If we are honest, no major party follows Hayek in acts. The modern UK state has become what Hayek feared: a "Transfer State" where a vast portion of the population depends on government redistribution.

The closest "Hayekians" are found in the fringes or think tanks (like the IEA), but in Westminster, the political cost of genuine Hayekian policy—slashing the NHS budget or ending all subsidies—is considered electoral suicide. The "words" are used as a brand, but the "acts" remain firmly collectivist.

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